Internet | Computer literacy | B.Ed (HONs.) | Teachingtoolbox1.blogspot.com

Bharat Kumar

INTERNET :

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers and devices that allows people to communicate, access information, and share resources electronically across the world.

HISTORY OF INTERNET :

- 1969s: The Birth of ARPANET

  • The precursor to the internet, ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), was created by the U.S. Department of Defense to facilitate communication between research institutions.
  • The first practical computer network, ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), was created by the U.S. Department of Defense's ARPA (now DARPA).
  • On October 29, 1969, ARPANET's first successful message was sent between two computers, marking the birth of the Internet.

- 1970s: Development of TCP/IP

Ø  The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) were developed, forming the foundation for modern internet communication.

- 1983: Adoption of TCP/IP

Ø  ARPANET officially transitioned to using TCP/IP, unifying various networks into a single network of networks, or the "internet."

- 1980s: Growth and Expansion

Ø  Universities, government agencies, and businesses began to connect to the internet, expanding its reach.

- 1990: World Wide Web (WWW)

Ø  Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, creating a system for browsing and accessing information through hyperlinks.

- 1993: Mosaic Web Browser

Ø  The Mosaic web browser popularized the World Wide Web, making it more user-friendly and accessible to the general public.

Late 1990s: High-Speed Internet

Ø  Broadband technologies like DSL and cable internet began to replace dial-up, offering faster connections.

- 2000s: Social Media and Web 2.0

Ø  Social media platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter emerged, along with the concept of "Web 2.0," emphasizing user-generated content and interactivity.

- 2008: Bitcoin and Blockchain

Ø  Bit coin, the first crypto currency, was introduced, and blockchain technology gained attention for its potential beyond digital currency.

Ø  and remote control.

- 2020s: Continued Growth and Challenges

Ø  The internet continues to grow in importance, but challenges like cybersecurity, privacy concerns, and digital divide issues persist.

 

COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS:

  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Ensures reliable and ordered delivery of data between devices in a network.
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP): Provides faster, connectionless communication but does not guarantee reliability.
  • Internet Protocol (IP): Defines how data packets should be routed between devices on a network, such as the Internet.
  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Used for web browsing, enabling the transfer of web pages and resources.

KEY TERMS:

server:

A server is a computer or a software system that provides services, resources, or functionality to other computers or devices

Web server:

A web browser is a software application or program that allows users to access and navigate the World Wide Web (WWW).

Protocol:

A protocol is like a set of agreed-upon rules that help different devices or systems talk to each other and understand what each is saying

 

TYPES OF NETWORK :

1. Local Area Network (LAN):

  • Geographic Coverage: Small, limited area (e.g., home, office, campus).
  • Purpose: Connects devices within the same geographic area for local communication and resource sharing.
  • Technology: Often uses Ethernet or Wi-Fi for wired and wireless connections.
  • Examples: Home network, office network, school campus network.

 

2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):

  • Geographic Coverage: Intermediate, covers a city or a large campus.
  • Purpose: Connects multiple LANs within a specific metropolitan area for efficient data sharing and communication.
  • Technology: Combines elements of LAN and WAN technologies, often with high-speed fiber-optic connections.
  • Examples: City-wide Wi-Fi networks, , corporate office complexes, network towers etc.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN):

  • Geographic Coverage: Extensive, can span across cities, countries, or globally.
  • Purpose: Connects LANs and other networks over long distances to enable remote communication and data exchange.
  • Technology: Utilizes various transmission technologies, including leased lines, satellites, and the internet.
  • Examples: The internet, global corporate networks, telecommunications networks.

 

THE END

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